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Glaucoma is characterized by significant loss of peripheral vision due to increased pressure in the eye, leading to damage of the optic nerve. This condition often progresses slowly and may not be immediately noticeable to the patient, as central vision may remain unaffected initially. As the disease advances, individuals experience a gradual narrowing of their field of vision, which can lead to tunnel vision if not treated. Regular eye examinations are crucial for early detection and management to prevent irreversible vision loss.

In contrast, cataracts primarily affect the lens of the eye, causing blurred or cloudy vision but not specifically peripheral vision loss. Macular degeneration affects the central part of the retina, leading to the deterioration of central vision while peripheral vision usually remains intact. Retinal detachment involves the separation of the retina from its underlying tissues and can cause sudden vision changes, but again, it does not primarily present with peripheral vision loss as its defining characteristic.